Hyperpigmentation acne occurs when a dark spot appears in place of a pimple that has disappeared. People with darker skin tones are more at risk of developing hyperpigmentation scars. Dark spots appear when the skin cells produce too much melanin.
Hyperpigmentation acne may fade over time, but if the original spots were deep, it may be permanent. Although some topical and surgical therapies can speed up the fading process, it can take several months to years.
Keep reading to learn more about the causes of hyperpigmentation acne and how people can treat and prevent it.
Hyperpigmentation acne occurs when a dark spot appears on the skin after a pimple disappears. These dark spots may occur in all skin types, but they occur
- African Americans
- Hispanics
- Asians
- Native Americans
- Pacific Islanders
- people of Middle Eastern descent
Hyperpigmentation acne is different than other forms of acne because it does not appear as a raised pimple but rather a dark spot or patch on the skin. Other types of acne present as inflamed lesions called
The treatment for hyperpigmentation acne also differs from that of other types of acne. Acne treatments involve
Dark spots may appear on the skin after a pimple resolves because the skin produces extra melanin. Melanin is the substance that gives the skin color. The
Some hyperpigmentation acne lesions can occur in the dermis. These deeper lesions will appear blue-gray and can be permanent.
Doctors are unsure what causes different intensities of hyperpigmentation. Further studies are necessary to determine what affects this factor.
The overproduction of melanin can occur following inflammation of the skin. Researchers suggest that some inflammatory and immune factors can stimulate the production of melanin. The exact mechanism behind this is still unclear, but these factors may include:
- prostanoids
- cytokines
- chemokines
- reactive oxygen species
Once a person develops hyperpigmentation acne, some external factors, such as sun or UV light exposure, may aggravate its appearance.
The first tip that dermatologists recommend for people with hyperpigmentation acne is to
Dermatologists also recommend treating hyperpigmentation acne early. Early treatment can speed up the process of fading. People using treatments for hyperpigmentation acne should be aware that fading can take time. Some spots may fade without treatment, but this can take 6–12 months.
Hyperpigmentation acne that is deep in the dermis of the skin can be more difficult to treat and possibly even permanent.
Before choosing a skin-lightening product, people should visit a dermatologist for a full examination of the skin.
Medications
Dermatologists recommend products that contain one of the following ingredients:
- 2% hydroquinone
- azelaic acid
- glycolic acid
- kojic acid
- retinoids (retinol, tretinoin, adapalene gel, or tazarotene)
- vitamin C
These ingredients can lighten dark spots on the skin. Some of these ingredients can also slow down the production of melanin, which is the primary cause of hyperpigmentation acne.
Photoprotection
Photoprotection, or the use of sun lotions and creams, is an important practice for everyone. People with hyperpigmentation acne may notice their spots appearing more pronounced after sun exposure. Dermatologists
People should wear a sunscreen with
Other therapies
Depending on the severity of hyperpigmentation acne or the response to topical treatments, dermatologists may recommend surgical or nonsurgical therapies.
Chemical peels are
Other therapies for hyperpigmentation acne may include laser and light-based therapies.
At-home options
Some people may resist using medication or surgical therapies to hide hyperpigmentation acne. Cosmetic camouflage, or using makeup to cover up dark spots, is another option for people wishing to avoid medical intervention or to complement medical treatment.
Camouflage may be more effective in people with darker skin because pigment changes to the skin are more noticeable.
Dermatologists recommend using a waterproof, long lasting, nongreasy, and noncomedogenic concealer. If acne is causing hyperpigmentation spots, people should avoid applying products that promote acne.
Some people also search for home remedies to treat hyperpigmentation acne, such as liquid bleach. However, this product can seriously damage the skin, so people should avoid applying it.
Hyperpigmentation acne is not harmful. However, some people may seek medical treatment for hyperpigmentation acne for cosmetic reasons. Although hyperpigmentation acne does not affect a person’s physical health, they may experience psychosocial effects if they dislike its appearance.
People can discuss their treatment options with a doctor or dermatologist who can suggest appropriate treatments. Some treatments require a prescription, whereas others are available over the counter (OTC).
People should be aware that some OTC products may contain ingredients that do not lighten the skin or other contaminants. It is important to check the ingredient list to ensure that a product is likely to be effective.
Researchers have also discovered mercury, steroids, and other contaminants in some products available in other countries. Due to this, doctors urge people to use recommended skin-lightening products only.
Healthcare professionals can help give people realistic expectations regarding their treatment. They can also recommend combinations of medical treatments to speed up the fading further.
Hyperpigmentation acne appears as dark spots on the skin after pimples disappear.
Dark spots may occur more frequently in people with darker colored skin, but they can appear in all types of skin. Hyperpigmentation acne is not harmful, but it can cause significant psychosocial effects.
People may seek treatment for hyperpigmentation acne for cosmetic purposes. Dermatologists can help evaluate the intensity of the dark spots and recommend the most appropriate treatment.
Some dark spots may disappear without treatment, but fading takes time. It can be months to years before the spots fade.