<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Acne Free &#187; Moisturizer</title>
	<atom:link href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/moisturizer/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://acnereview.biz/acne</link>
	<description>No More Acne</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2012 06:30:38 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<image>
<link>http://acnereview.biz/acne</link>
<url>http://acnereview.biz/acne/wp-content/plugins/maxblogpress-favicon/icons/favicon-74.ico</url>
<title>Acne Free</title>
</image>
<xhtml:meta xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="robots" content="noindex" />
		<item>
		<title>How to Shave With Acne</title>
		<link>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/how-to-shave-with-acne/001988/</link>
		<comments>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/how-to-shave-with-acne/001988/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2009 12:59:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Albert Ross</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Acne]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Body Wash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Scar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acne scars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dermatologist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pimples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Scars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Blemishes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Breakouts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[doctor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Links]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Moisturizer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Care]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zits]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://acnereview.biz/acne/2009/09/21/how-to-shave-with-acne/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For those who don't have the disorder, acne appears to be a harmless disorder. Of course, this perception is far from the truth. Parents are often oblivious to the fact that acne can be extremely damaging on both a physical and psychological level. They see bouts of acne to be a routine stage of life that will eventually pass. Some never get this kind of relief, and are left to deal with the disorder into adulthood. Those of us who suffer from this disorder can agree that it can be immensely intrusive when it comes to everyday tasks. Shaving is but one task that is frustrating to execute in the presence of acne. Breakouts can often erupt days after a shaving session. Letting facial hair grow untamed is obviously not the answer. While you can expect a risk of breakouts anytime you engage in behaviors involving skin contact, the risk can be minimized with some initial steps. We have outlined some suggestions below.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="viral_plus_one">
<div class="social_button">
<!-- Place this tag in your head or just before your close body tag -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js">
  {lang: 'en-US'}
</script>
<!-- Place this tag where you want the +1 button to render -->
<g:plusone size=""></g:plusone>
</div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<script>

function open_win(url,id) { 
	var win = window.open(url, 'popup','width=600,height=300,status=0,toolbar=0'); 
	var tpopup = setInterval(function() { 
		if(win.closed) {
			reload_to();
		}
	}, 1000);
	return false;
}

function debugEvent() { reload_to(); }
twttr.events.bind('tweet',debugEvent);

window.fbAsyncInit = function() {
 FB.Event.subscribe('edge.create', function(href, widget) {
 	reload_to();
 });
};
(function() {
 var e = document.createElement('script');
 e.type = 'text/javascript';
 e.src = document.location.protocol + '//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js';
 e.async = true;
 document.getElementById('fb-root').appendChild(e);
 }());
</script>
</div><div style='font-style:italic' class='2byline'>by Albert Ross</div>
<p>For those who don&#8217;t have the disorder, <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne">acne</a> appears to be a harmless disorder. Of course, this perception is far from the truth. Parents are often oblivious to the fact that <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne">acne</a> can be extremely damaging on both a physical and psychological level. They see bouts of <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne">acne</a> to be a routine stage of life that will eventually pass. Some never get this kind of relief, and are left to deal with the disorder into adulthood. Those of us who suffer from this disorder can agree that it can be immensely intrusive when it comes to everyday tasks. Shaving is but one task that is frustrating to execute in the presence of <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne">acne</a>. <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/breakouts/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Breakouts">Breakouts</a> can often erupt days after a shaving session. Letting facial hair grow untamed is obviously not the answer. While you can expect a risk of <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/breakouts/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Breakouts">breakouts</a> anytime you engage in behaviors involving <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/skin/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with skin">skin</a> contact, the risk can be minimized with some initial steps. We have outlined some suggestions below. </p>
<p>Ideally, your skin should be in a relaxed stage before any shaving. We need to expand the hair follicle so that the hairs don&#8217;t put up much of a fight when we run the razor past them. A hot shower should be in order before any shaving. This doesn&#8217;t necessarily mean that you have to run the hot water over you face. This is actually ill-advised as it will cause irritation. Simply aim your face towards the shower steam so that your <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/pores/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Pores">pores</a> open up. Conduct your showering duties as you normally would and give the steam ample time to work its magic.</p>
<p><span id="more-1988"></span></p>
<p>Once you are finished showering, you need to get a new razor ready. You should replace your razors as soon as possible when shaving acne-prone skin. Anytime you have to &#8220;re-mow&#8221; a strand of hairs, the higher the probability that skin irritation will arise. Use plenty of shaving cream on your face before beginning to shave. </p>
<p>Only slight pressure should be applied on the razor during the process. Be extremely attentive an careful when shaving near and around inflamed <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/pimples/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Pimples">pimples</a>. You do not want to create <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne-scars/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne Scars">acne scars</a> of any size. As the razor becomes littered with hairs, rinse it with warm water. Finally, remove any shaving cream from your skin once you have finished shaving. Aftershave should not be part of your shaving regimen. Aftershave tends to contain alcohol, which is a troublemaker on acne-prone skin. </p>
<p>A good facial <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/moisturizer/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Moisturizer">moisturizer</a> is in order after shaving. This will compensate for any of the irritation you may have created. Choose a light product that is non-comedogenic. You may have to go through several brands before you finally find one that you like. Check to ensure whether or not you should apply your acne medications on top of the <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/moisturizer/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Moisturizer">moisturizer</a> or vice-versa. You might need to consult your <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/dermatologist/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Dermatologist">dermatologist</a>.</p>
<div class='2resource'>
<div style='font-style:italic' class='2about'>About the Author:</div>
<div class='2links'>Learn about the <span class="removed_link" title="http://acnescarsgone.wordpress.com/2009/03/12/acne-psychological-effects/">psychological effects of acne</span> and <span class="removed_link" title="http://acnescarsgone.wordpress.com/2009/03/12/moisturizing-anti-aging/">acne moisturizers sunscreens</span> by reading our site.</div>
</div>

    <script>function reload_to(plusone) {
		window.location = "";
	}
	</script>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/how-to-shave-with-acne/001988/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Clear Skin Tips</title>
		<link>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/clear-skin-tips/001815/</link>
		<comments>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/clear-skin-tips/001815/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2009 16:15:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rolf Joho</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Acne]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Body Wash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Prone Skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Tips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aloe Vera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Antibacterial Properties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cause Of Acne]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clear Skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clear skin tips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Combination Skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Face Cleansers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Face Wash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gels]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green Tea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Links]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lot Of Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Moisturizer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Care Regime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Tips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Type]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tea Tree Oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tips for clear skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Topical Treatments]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://acnereview.biz/acne/2009/08/28/clear-skin-tips/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The most important part of healthy and clear skin is a good skin care routine. Reduced acne can occur with a good skin care regime. Avoid new acne outbreaks by sticking to a daily skin care routine. More information on clear skin tips can be found on Let’s Talk Acne. The clear skin tips steps [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="viral_plus_one">
<div class="social_button">
<!-- Place this tag in your head or just before your close body tag -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js">
  {lang: 'en-US'}
</script>
<!-- Place this tag where you want the +1 button to render -->
<g:plusone size=""></g:plusone>
</div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<script>

function open_win(url,id) { 
	var win = window.open(url, 'popup','width=600,height=300,status=0,toolbar=0'); 
	var tpopup = setInterval(function() { 
		if(win.closed) {
			reload_to();
		}
	}, 1000);
	return false;
}

function debugEvent() { reload_to(); }
twttr.events.bind('tweet',debugEvent);

window.fbAsyncInit = function() {
 FB.Event.subscribe('edge.create', function(href, widget) {
 	reload_to();
 });
};
(function() {
 var e = document.createElement('script');
 e.type = 'text/javascript';
 e.src = document.location.protocol + '//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js';
 e.async = true;
 document.getElementById('fb-root').appendChild(e);
 }());
</script>
</div><p>The most important part of healthy and <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/clear-skin/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Clear Skin">clear skin</a> is a good skin care routine. Reduced acne can occur with a good <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/skin-care-regime/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Skin Care Regime">skin care regime</a>. Avoid new acne outbreaks by sticking to a daily skin care routine. <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.letstalkacne.com/clear-skin-tips.php">More information on clear skin tips can be found on Let’s Talk Acne</a>.</p>
<p>The clear <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/skin-tips/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Skin Tips">skin tips</a> steps for keeping skin clear are straight forward. Daily use of a medicated face wash is the first step. Is your skin more dry or oily? Is your skin both dry and oil then you probably have <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/combination-skin/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Combination Skin">combination skin</a>.</p>
<p><span id="more-1815"></span></p>
<p>Looking for products with <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/antibacterial-properties/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Antibacterial Properties">antibacterial properties</a> is vital. Products with <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/antibacterial-properties/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Antibacterial Properties">antibacterial properties</a> help with the bacteria the underlying cause of acne. Choose products for the skin that have benzoyl peroide, Aloe Vera or <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/tea-tree-oil/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Tea Tree Oil">Tea Tree Oil</a> based.</p>
<p>The second of the <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/clear-skin-tips/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with clear skin tips">clear skin tips</a>, do not over wash your face with medicated face cleansers. Cleansing more often will not improve your acne. It is a mistake and can lead to more acne. If you over wash you might find your skin dry and irritated.</p>
<p>The third of the clear skin tips is to apply topical treatments to your acne. You can choose from lotions, creams or gels. Make sure that the product works with your <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/skin-type/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Skin Type">skin type</a>. Make sure to check the treatments strength. Mild acne only needs a mild cream or gel. Irritated skin might happen is you use a product too strong. If you are unsure of which product to choose ask the pharmacist.</p>
<p>The forth step in the series of clear skin tips is often overlooked. It is very important to moisturize the skin. A green tea moisturizer is one you might want to look for. Make sure the moisturizer doesn’t have any type of oil. Moisturizing products for <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne-prone-skin/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne Prone Skin">acne prone skin</a> are availabe. Unsure, read the label or ask for help.</p>
<p>The fifth step is to drink a <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/lot-of-water/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Lot Of Water">lot of water</a>. Drinking water moisturizes the skin and repairs skin and tissue. 10 glasses of water each day is a good goal.  <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.letstalkacne.com/clear-skin-tips.php">More information on clear skin tips can be found on Let’s Talk Acne.</a><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.letstalkacne.com/clear-skin-tips.php"></a></p>
<p>Using these clear skin tips can quickly improve the condition of your skin. Less acne will appear. Twice a day you must use a good skin care program.</p>

    <script>function reload_to(plusone) {
		window.location = "";
	}
	</script>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/clear-skin-tips/001815/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Acne Skin Care Treatment Products – Get Rid of Pimples Naturally</title>
		<link>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/acne-skin-care-treatment-products-get-rid-of-pimples-naturally/001789/</link>
		<comments>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/acne-skin-care-treatment-products-get-rid-of-pimples-naturally/001789/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2009 10:45:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Rolf Joho</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Acne]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Body Wash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acne skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pimples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne And Pimples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Care]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Cystic Natural Treatments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Diet Naturist Treatment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Product]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Skin Care]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Skin Care Treatment Products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acne Treatment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Advices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buy Cheap Acne Products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clogs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Derma Cleanse Acne Treatment Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Links]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Magazines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Moisturizer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[People]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pores]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Care]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Care Product]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Care Treatment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Defect]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skin Problem]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://acnereview.biz/acne/2009/08/25/acne-skin-care-treatment-products-%e2%80%93-get-rid-of-pimples-naturally/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are millions of people who suffer from acne skin problem and they really try to find a proper way to get rid of it. There are several means through which one could get advices and suggestions for the skin defect such are internet, newspaper, magazines and television. Well acne and pimples are the most [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="viral_plus_one">
<div class="social_button">
<!-- Place this tag in your head or just before your close body tag -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js">
  {lang: 'en-US'}
</script>
<!-- Place this tag where you want the +1 button to render -->
<g:plusone size=""></g:plusone>
</div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<script>

function open_win(url,id) { 
	var win = window.open(url, 'popup','width=600,height=300,status=0,toolbar=0'); 
	var tpopup = setInterval(function() { 
		if(win.closed) {
			reload_to();
		}
	}, 1000);
	return false;
}

function debugEvent() { reload_to(); }
twttr.events.bind('tweet',debugEvent);

window.fbAsyncInit = function() {
 FB.Event.subscribe('edge.create', function(href, widget) {
 	reload_to();
 });
};
(function() {
 var e = document.createElement('script');
 e.type = 'text/javascript';
 e.src = document.location.protocol + '//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js';
 e.async = true;
 document.getElementById('fb-root').appendChild(e);
 }());
</script>
</div><p>There are millions of people who suffer from <strong><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.acneskincareproduct.org/">acne skin problem</a></strong> and they really try to find a proper way to get rid of it. There are several means through which one could get <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/advices/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Advices">advices</a> and suggestions for the <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/skin/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with skin">skin</a> defect such are internet, newspaper, magazines and television.</p>
<p> Well acne and <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/pimples/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Pimples">pimples</a> are the most common problem in the world so it is most important to take a proper care of it. There are many websites which publish tips and products to get rid of the <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/skin-problem/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Skin Problem">skin problem</a> but the problem is that some products really does a great job for many but for many it is just a waste.</p>
<p><span id="more-1789"></span></p>
<p> So it is always good to try out only the recommended <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne-skin/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne Skin">acne skin</a> care product available in the market because until you do not use them, you will not know the outcome of it.</p>
<p> Another most important thing you should follow is certain conditions applied on the product because by following those conditions you could recover from acne faster and easily bring brightness to their skin.</p>
<p> Since there are many <strong><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.acneskincareproduct.org/">skin care product</a></strong> available in the market, it is quite very difficult to find out the good products and bad products among them. And at the same time some products might be effective for some and for others it might not be.</p>
<p> The only thing you should be aware of it is that the product should not cause your skin to become oily and it should also be <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/moisturizer/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Moisturizer">moisturizer</a> free while removing all the <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/clogs/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with clogs">clogs</a> from the <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/pores/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Pores">pores</a>.</p>
<p> If the product you buy seems to very itchy and causes rashes on your skin, then you should always stop using it at once, because such products could cause the increase in the skin related problem.</p>
<p> The best way to take care of your skin is to keep your hand from the pimples. Though it might be tempting to simply squeeze the pus out, you may cause permanent scarring on your face.</p>
<p> There are many products available which are expensive so instead of buying those products, you should always try out the basic treatment available in your home first.</p>
<p> You should not touch or squeeze the pimples as it would instead cause the contamination of the skin. Makeup can also aggravate your acne condition so it is best not to use makeup for the time being as many of them contains harsh chemicals.</p>
<p> One should always have a clear idea about the <a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne-care/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne Care">acne care</a> tips.</p>
<p> Discover which are the best <strong><a href="http://acnereview.biz/acne/tag/acne-skin-care/" class="st_tag internal_tag" rel="tag" title="Posts tagged with Acne Skin Care">acne skin care</a> products</strong> available on the market. Learn more about <strong><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.acneskincareproduct.org/acne-cream-treatment.html">acne cream treatment</a></strong>.</p>

    <script>function reload_to(plusone) {
		window.location = "";
	}
	</script>]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://acnereview.biz/acne/acne-body-wash/acne-skin-care-treatment-products-get-rid-of-pimples-naturally/001789/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>

<!-- Served from: acnereview.biz @ 2012-02-13 06:39:35 by W3 Total Cache -->
